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Catalog Number: (ENZOALX804494C100)
Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Description: Caspase-11 not only activates caspase-1, that is required for the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-18 (IL-18), but also activates caspase-3, leading to cellular apoptosis under pathological conditions. In most cells, caspase-11 is only expressed upon induction with pro-inflammatory stimuli. Caspase-11 is an essential mediator of endotoxic shock and caspase-11-deficient mice are resistant to endotoxic shock. LPS-induced caspase-11 regulates lymphocyte apoptosis by activating both caspase-3 and caspase-7. Human caspase-4, thought to be the homolog of mouse caspase-11, may be an effective therapeutic target for treatment of septic shock.
UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (ENZOALX804510C100)
Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Description: The GST Family
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a large multigen family of multifunctional enzymes, which play an important role in detoxification of potentially genotoxic chemicals, by catalyzing the conjugation of glutathione to a large number of hydrophobic and electrophilic compounds, including carcinogens. They also bind to a variety of nonsubstrate ligands. The GSTs are widely distributed in mammalian species and can be grouped into four classes, based on their biochemical, immunological and structural properties: alpha, mu, pi and theta.

GSTs are dimeric, mainly cytosolic, enzymes that have extensive ligand binding properties in addition to their catalytic role in detoxification. A separate microsomal class of GSTs exists which is quite distinct from the cytosolic GSTs, and is designated as "membrane-associated proteins in eicosanoid and glutathione metabolism" (MAPEG). The N-terminal region tends to be better conserved within classes as it includes an important part of the active site.GSTs are believed to play a role in cancer prevention, as the electrophilic compounds that are conjugated to glutathione could otherwise react with and modify cellular components such as DNA, thereby initiating carcinogenesis. On the other hand, GSTs might detoxify chemotherapeutic drugs in cancer cells, thus contributing to drug resistance.
In summary, GSTs are a group of enzymes which are centrally involved in drug metabolism and detoxification. Because of their role in detoxification, they have been implicated in drug sensitivity and resistance. They may also influence mutagenesis and carcinogenesis and thus, increased GST activity may become a useful cancer marker.
Since many GST genes are polymorphic, there has been considerable interest in determining whether particular allelic variants are also associated with an increase of risk for certain diseases.

Glutathione S-transferase-Pi
The GST-Pi class (phase II detoxification enzymes) is the most abundant of the human glutathione S-transferases family, a major group of detoxification enzymes and widely distributed in the human body.
In normal human tissues, the enzymes protect cells against reactions with glutathione and reactive oxygen species by reducing organic hydroperoxides via gluthathione peroxidase activity.
The role of GST-Pi in tumor growth and progression is less well known. It is reported to be variably expressed in breast cancer and is associated with estrogen receptor levels expressed by the tumor. Down-regulation of GST-Pi activity in a study done on a T cell line appears to favor apoptosis and inhibition of GST-Pi function induces apoptosis in rat hepatoma cells.
The importance in cancer research is clear, as GST-Pi has been implicated in protection against apoptosis and also suggested to have a role in jun kinase inhibition.
The majority of human tumor cell lines express significant amounts of class pi GST, which is why it is being investigated as a potential marker for various types of cancer. GST-Pi is thought to be associated with increased resistance to anticancer drugs. GST-Pi expression is under investigation as a prognostic indicator for resistance to chemotherapy and a marker of treatment resistance.
UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (ENZOALX804831C100)
Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Description: In mammals, TIR domain adapters, including Myd88, TIRAP, TICAM-1 (also called TRIF), and TRAM, act in Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. The last member of this family called SARM (sterile and armadillo motifs) is highly conserved but has no known function in any organism. SARM is the only mammalian TIR-domain adapter proteins conserved in C. elegans, suggesting that SARM is the most ancient member of this class of signaling proteins. Overexpression of SARM fails to activate either NF-kB- or IRF-3-dependent reporter gene expression, two transcription factors that are sensitive to TLR signaling, suggesting that SARM is functionally distinct from other mammalian TIR domain-containing proteins.
UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Description: The tetrapeptide KDEL, located at the carboxy-terminal sequences of luminal proteins, is a retrieval motif essential for the precise sorting of these proteins along the secretory pathway. KDEL proteins perform essential functions in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) related to protein folding as well as assembly. The localization of chaperones and other soluble proteins to the ER is achieved by their continuous retrieval from post-ER compartments by the KDEL receptor (Erd2p), which is a membrane protein localized in the Golgi apparatus.

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Catalog Number: (ENZOBPDABS039321)
Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Description: Rat lipocalin-2 is also called rat NGAL, as it is the ortholog of human neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Rat NGAL is a 25-kDa alpha 2-microglobulin-related protein or neu-related lipocalin. It is expressed by neutrophils and various epithelial cells, including cells of the renal proximal tubules. It is involved in physiological processes such as the binding of siderophore iron and tissue growth and regeneration. It is upregulated in a variety of pathological situations including infection, inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion and in certain adenocarcinomas.
UOM: 1 * 1 mg

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Catalog Number: (ENZOBPDABS050451)
Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Description: Anti-GHRL Mouse Monoclonal Antibody [clone: 45]
UOM: 1 * 1 mg

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Catalog Number: (ENZOALX805709C100)
Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Description: Host: Mouse, Isotype: IgG1
UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (ENZOADIKAPGP125E)
Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Description: Rap1, which is a member of the Ras family of GTP-binding proteins, cycles between an active GTP-bound and an unactive GDP-bound form that is mediated by GTPase activating protein (GAP). Rap1 is proposed to regulate Ras-mediated signaling and may also be involved in the regulation of Integrin-mediated cell adhesion although the mechanism of regulation is not known.
UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Description: Cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs or cGKs) are classified into two types, PKGI and PKGII. Studies have shown that PKGs are highly homologous to PKAs; phosphorylation of cellular proteins by both families of kinases leads to alterations in calcium mobilization, protein phosphatase activity, ion channel function, gene transcription, smooth muscle contractility, and platelet aggregation.

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Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Description: The Akt (PKB) family of protein kinases are serine/threonine kinases, with three mammalian family members identified (Akt1, Akt2, Akt3). Akt is a well-characterized member of PI3 kinase-mediated signaling pathways, regulating cell growth, apoptosis, glycogen synthesis, and other cellular responses through its phosphorylation of downstream substrates. Akt activation is triggered by binding of phospholipid and phosphorylation at two key residues: Thr308 by PDK1, and Ser473 by PDK2, now identified as mTOR. Deregulation of Akt signaling has been associated with cancer, diabetes, and schizophrenia. Akt1 is the cellular homologue of the murine thymoma retroviral oncogene v-akt, and its role in anti-apoptotic and pro-mitotic pathways have made Akt a molecular target for anti-cancer therapeutic intervention. Akt activation inhibits apoptosis by phosphorylating the Bcl-2 related protein Bad, and increases p53 degradation by phosphorylating mdm2. Mitotic substrates of Akt include GSK-3β, p21CIP1, and p27KIP1, cell cycle inhibitors negatively regulated by Akt phosphorylation. Akt has been shown to mediate angiogenesis through regulation of thrombospondins, which may cooperate with pro-mitotic and anti-apoptotic functions of Akt to promote tumorigenesis.

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Catalog Number: (ENZOADIKAPMA003E)
Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Description: MEK is a dual specificity kinase capable of phosphorylating both tyrosine and threonine residues. The MEK family, which is also known as MAP kinase kinase, phosphorylates MAP kinases on the conserved T-X-Y motif; phosphorylation of MAPK by MEK results in an increase in MAPK activity. MEK is involved in a diverse array of cellular processes such as stress-activated response, apoptosis, cytokine-induced cell proliferation, and DNA recombination during meiosis.
UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (ENZOADIKAPST210E)
Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Description: Protein phosphorylation is a complex biochemical process that is regulated by protein kinases that catalyze the transfer of the gamma-P of ATP to a recipient protein that acts as a substrate. This post-translational modification is primarily directed onto serine, threonine, and tyrosine amino acid residues within a protein. Changes in the phosphorylation status of phosphoproteins can alter their biological function, and aberrations in signal transduction cascades have been linked to a number of diseases, including cancer, diabetes, heart disease, inflammation and neurological disorders.
UOM: 1 * 100 µG

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Catalog Number: (ENZOBMLKI1010001)
Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Description: Flat-bottom, half volume, 96-well assay plates.
UOM: 1 * 5 items

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Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Description: SCREEN-WELL® Fatty Acid Library contains 64 fatty acids of varying saturation and chain length.

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Catalog Number: (ENZOBMLSA3600100)
Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Description: Host: Rabbit
UOM: 1 * 100 µl

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Catalog Number: (ENZOBMLSA2970100)
Supplier: ENZO LIFE SCIENCES
Description: Host: Rabbit
UOM: 1 * 100 µl

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